The Numbers Behind the Sun: Inside the DOE's Solar Photovoltaic Cost Benchmark System
A quiet team of researchers at the Department of Energy and its national laboratories has spent years building the most detailed map of what solar actually costs and what those numbers mean for the future of clean energy.
On a Tuesday morning in early 2025, a team of analysts at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory in Golden, Colorado, finished compiling a dataset that would eventually help shape how the United States thinks about solar energy costs. The work had taken months: gathering data from manufacturers, installers, and utilities; cross-referencing it against supply chain reports; running the numbers through a framework called the PV System Cost Benchmark, or PVSCB. The result was a set of quarterly cost estimates for...
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